It includes the elimination of solid or semi-solid materials that are of no use and which come from activities generated by humans and animals. Solid waste has its origin in different activities, most of which are generated in private households in large cities, but also in industry, construction, agricultural activities, etc. In reality, any non-useful object resulting from the manufacture, use or transformation of a consumer good that is not in a liquid or gaseous state is a solid waste. Basically, four types of solid waste are distinguished: domestic, commercial, industrial and agricultural. Households and commercials are mostly combustible and non-combustible organic materials such as food, paper, cardboard, textiles, wood, glass, metals, ceramics, etc. Industrial waste usually comes from solid fuels, chemicals, and demolitions. For their part, agricultural waste is mostly organic materials such as manures, slurry, and crop residues.

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The problem of solid waste always arises when deciding how to dispose of them. Those that have an organic origin can always be reusable or recyclable, but there are many others that present serious difficulties in making them safe for health or assimilation by food chains. An example is found in those radioactive, toxic or flammable substances; All of them are dangerous substances that are either impossible or expensive to reuse, or are ignored because of their low value, finally ending in landfills and creating serious environmental disadvantages, such as groundwater contamination or proliferation of insect and rodent pests, Besides supposing a source of unpleasant odors and uncomfortable for the people.

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Remove solid waste:

Usually, commercial wastes and household wastes are typically organic wastes, such as paper, timber and textile commercial and household waste is often organic waste such as paper, wood, and textiles by contrast, industrial wastes, mostly of inorganic type, such as ashes, construction debris, chemical materials, and paintings….etc. Finally, agricultural wastes are often the easiest to dispose of as cow dung and pruning debris.

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Methods of elimination:

When selecting a method or another, account must be taken of the economic and circumstantial criteria of the area in which it operates.

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Controlled dumping

Consists of storing debris in layers away from inhabited areas

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Incineration:

Waste is burned by 90%. In addition to generating heat, which can be used as an energy source, incineration generates CO2 and other greenhouse gasses.

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Fertilizer production:

From solid waste, the degradation of the organic substance is achieved by means of aerobic microorganisms. Subsequently and after a period of about three weeks, the compost is ready to be packaged and sold.

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Recovery of energy resources:

These are combustion processes and pyrolysis processes. Many incinerators use this heat to generate energy, using boilers and tube that recirculation water and transform it into steam that moves turbines.

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Recycling of metal:

Recycling of solid waste is a very old technique. Materials from the metal are melted and reused to re-fabricate instruments.

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Hazardous waste:

Some toxic chemical wastes are dangerous to man, to health and to the environment. This type of waste is not disposed of but is stored in large containers in places suitable for storage, almost always away from any human presence and possible tributaries, rivers or underwater waters, to avoid filtration.